What type of flow is characterized by orderly layers of fluid?

Laminar flow is characterized by orderly layers of fluid moving in parallel paths, where the flow is smooth and consistent. In this type of flow, the velocity of the fluid at a given point remains constant over time, and the fluid particles move in an orderly fashion without mixing between the layers. This orderly movement leads to minimal energy loss due to friction, which is a key feature of laminar flow.

In contrast, mixed flow involves characteristics of both laminar and turbulent flow, where the fluid layers may exhibit some degree of unordered behavior. Turbulent flow, on the other hand, is characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity, with fluid particles moving in a more random manner, resulting in significant mixing and energy loss. Non-Newtonian flow refers to fluids whose viscosity can change under stress or strain, and does not describe the layering characteristic of laminar flow.

Understanding laminar flow is essential in various engineering applications, such as in the design of piping systems, flow meters, and other hydraulic systems where controlled flow is desired.