What is the role of a surge tank in a water distribution system?

The role of a surge tank in a water distribution system primarily revolves around the management of pressure changes. A surge tank acts as a buffer that absorbs sudden surges or drops in water pressure caused by rapid changes in the flow, such as valve operation or pump failure. This cushioning helps maintain stable pressure within the system, protecting pipes and equipment from damage due to pressure fluctuations. When there’s an increase in pressure, the surge tank can accommodate the extra volume of water, which prevents the pressure from exceeding safe levels. Conversely, if there’s a sudden decrease in flow that can lead to a drop in pressure, the surge tank can release stored water to help stabilize the system.

The other functions listed in the choices do not accurately describe the purpose of a surge tank. While storing excess water is important in catchments or reservoirs, a surge tank specifically targets pressure management rather than long-term storage. Filtering contaminants is a role typically associated with water treatment facilities rather than surge tanks, which are not designed for purification processes. Lastly, increasing the overall temperature of water is unrelated to the function of a surge tank, as its primary focus is on pressure regulation, not thermal dynamics.