What do system curves represent in pumping systems?

System curves are essential in the analysis of pumping systems because they illustrate the graphical relationship between the flow rate and the head produced by a pump. Essentially, the system curve demonstrates how the hydraulic characteristics of the system change with varying flow conditions. It helps in visualizing how the pump interacts with the specific installation, including all the friction losses and static lift that the fluid must overcome.

As flow rate increases, typically, the head that the pump must develop decreases due to increased friction losses in the piping system. By plotting this relationship, engineers can design and select pumps that will work efficiently within the operating conditions of a specific system. This understanding is critical for ensuring that the system operates effectively and meets the required performance standards.

Understanding system curves is fundamental for selecting the appropriate pump and ensuring that the system functions efficiently, which is why the representation of flow rate and head is central to their purpose.